Process for controlling combustion in coking plants.



H. KOPPERS.

PROCESS FOR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION IN C OKING PLANTS.

APPLICATION FILEI), JUNE 8; IBM.

Patented Mar, 21, 1916.

10 sHEUS X IEET 1.

H. KOPPERS, PROCESS FOR CONTROLIrING COMBUSTION IN COKING ILANT S. 1,176,066.,

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 8, I9I4.

Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

I0 SHEETS SHEET 2.

H. KOPPERS L I PROCESS FOR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION IN COKING PLANTS.

APPLICATION mu) JU'NE 8,1914.

Patented M31221, 1916. I

10 SHEETS-SHVEET a.

H. K'OPPERSF I PROCESS FOR c'oumoumqcomsusflow IN comm; PLANTS.

APPLICATION FILED IUNE 8,'I9 I4- Y Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

I0 SHEETSSHEET 4. v

H KOPPERS. PROCESS EQR'CONTROLLING COMBUSTION IN COKING PLANTS. 1,176,066;

APPLICATION mm mm s,\914.- Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

" I0 SHEETS-*SHEET 5- H. KOPPERS. PROCESS FOR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION IN COKING PLANTS. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 8. 1914.

I,176;O66. Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

10 SHEETS-SHEET'6.

. H. KOPPERS V v PROCESS FOR CONTROLLXNG COMBUSTION m come PLANTS.

Patented my. 21, 1916.

I0 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

APPLRCATION FILED JUNE 811914.

H. KOPPERS. v PROCESS FOR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION IN COKING PLANTS.

APPLICATION min JUNE 8, 1914.

" Patented M 10 SHEE Panama.

H. KOPPERS.

PROCESS FOR CONTROLLING comsusnow LN come PLANTS. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 8, |9i 4.

1,176,066. L v Patgnfedl Mar.21,1916.

I v H. KOPPERS. PROCESS FOR CONTROLLING COM BUS iION IN QOKINGPLANTS.

APPLICATJON Hfb mus 8 1914.

V Patentsd Mar. 21,1916.

10 5HEETSSHEET I0.

IIIIII] lll|ill|lillllli|lllllllv rat s), 1

siding?at Essen ontheRuhr, Germany, have inv nted a a new and useful Improvement in y na rams, ofwhichthefollovvingis a specification. a p p a Mv invention Jrelatesto the control of combustion of the fuel: used for coking offfuels 1 of rapid combustibility.

Pr or :to p a my} lHVBDlJlOi'l material inconvenience Q and; loses have been exper enced 1n chambers; which is a very rapidly 'combus i ii =tible gas although of medium ealorific value, by reasonoftherapid combustion of the gas plants which: are; of relatively great height gthisxbumi lg: tends to. occur ma nly 1111 the ,lewet portions of the ombustion chambers.

1 Theflheat produced has thus been concern jtrated towardthebottom so that thelower a portionsorlayers of the cokingncoal [in iThisUheatluponoccasion las been greater stand and; rapid deterioration of the walls ffythea' chambers has resulted. 7 Numerous certain distillat'es,

1? y-pen e; it ncl n great value'in the industry andmust rnbustion of; this sgrich fuel near? the peraturewso high'in the lower portions of 1 thedeoking chambers that theseby-products f have deterioratedfor been destroyed for-cont mercial usel-fThejintense heat sustained in found frequently tofhave produced a tem- 35056 i ails 151188;? lithe;

Betitflkno vnthat I, HEINRICH: Korrnns, subjectwoif the Emperor of Germany, re-

oeesses tfor c ontrollingx Combustion in" 1 cokjnggplants andthe like and more parQ take place to further I ticularly to the control ofthecombnstio gnear its inlets into the oombustion cham hers; Gas} ofthi$ character being rich in hydrogen burnsquickly and with great heat and tin? combustion chambers of coking theg lcokingi chambers have sustained.gthe

thanmfthe best fire proof ma erials can with erivad"in thecoHversmn of coal into coke edQlbut the concentration of heat in nibottinnfofa the combustion chamber has been econ of thef'up neuron "iatn nn cn itorrnasg 'onnssn1-r-on-'rnn-nuna, GERMANY, assrenon, is? Mnsnn ssronnnnrs, 1920 n; irorsnnsootrrnns, a CORPORATION or PENNSYLVANIA.

- a a response non oonraonhine coiv nnsrion 11v comma rnan'rs.

Specificationof Letters Patent. P tented Mar. 21, 1%16. Application filed June 8, 1914. Serial No. 843,705.

per layers to coke, valuable time and fuel, and also often afthereby wasting much footing the quality of the coke produced.

The

products by reason of the intense heating of the lower portions of the cokermass and also loss of valuable time and fuel by reason of the length of time which combustion must coke the upper la ers of the coal. J

use of rich coke-oven or other gas of I am aware 'thatvarious devices and eX- pedients havebeen tested and employed to overcome these objections and With suiii- 'thegutilizatiohofthe gas from the coking.

cient success to render the utilization of gas of this character in coking plants efiicient-commercially. i i

It is broadly however, to provide a process which will permit coke-oven or other gas rich in hydrogen to be much more efiiciently and economically employed than has heretofore been possible in co'kin plants and to ermit it to be burned at sa e yet highly e ective temperatures Without-dangenof injuring or destroying the plant or any of the valuable the object ofthi s invention,

commercial Icy-products obtainable in the conversionof coal into coke and which will accomplish the conversion of all of the coal ;in the coking chambers into coke simultaneously and in the shortest possible time through the even distribution of proper heat to all parts of the partition Walls between thelcokingand combustion chambers. I

It is a further object of the invention to provide a process for controlling the com bustion in coking plants and the like which will permit either aslowly combustible gas or a rapidly combustible gas to be employed with high efliciency ina coking plant and without alternations or reconstruction of the internalstructure of the plant. i The problem is complicated by consider- 1 ationsthat have to do With the character and sources of the fuel gases employed,-the necessity for maintaining uniformity of heating,

ingsuchextre nesof stack-draft aswill tend theneed for avoiding localized extremesof temperature, the need 'for'conserving the p p p e h'eatin the oven system, the need for avoidsit ii raa ports as will tend toward accumulation of soot-deposits and consequent clogging,

' and otherconditions that may present them selves in the building and operation of mode ern coke-ovens, which are structures of such ;magnitude and operated at such high temperatures that the control, of combustion "in them must be as nearly automatic as possible and yet accomplished by extremely simple and positivemechanism and construction "that is not liable to' any disarrangement. or disorder.

The heating of the coke-oven with its own l gas, that is, by burning in its fiues coke'oven 1 5 gas'distilled from the coke being produced in Its coking chambers, may sometimes bean economy and at other'times an expense, ac-

' cording to the demand for other and more profitable uses for such coke-oven gas. Such operation of the coke-oven consumesa great portion (for instance, it may be of the -oven gas distilled by it. On the other hand,

if the coke-oven be operated with'producer gas or blast furnace gas, the entire distillation of coke-oven gas may be utilized for a other purposes. Varying conditions of demand for the coke-oven gas for such other v 3 purposes render it desirable that a battery of coke-ovens may be operated alternatively.

,and alternatively either in' whole or in part.

with eithercoke-oven gasor gas from an outside source, such as producer gas, and yet such shifting from the-employment of one .fuel gas to the employment ofthe other needs to be accomplished without requiring change of the constructlon of the oven system and without involving change of the heating conditions. 'It is also the fact that even when only provision for firing with coke-oven. gas is made, without alternative provision for firing with producer gas, difliculties are presented in uniformly distributing the heating and avoiding localized extremesof intensity, because thegreat height and other dimensions of modern coke-oven construction call for extreme elongation of desirability of introducing thefuel-gas at only one end ofeach flue, to avoid the s'ooting' the combustion-fluxes, and with such extreme elongation of the fiues-and in view of the tendency that results from injecting the gas at two or more points alongthe flue-the extreme velocity. of COlIlbUStlOll of coke-oven gas, burned with pre-heated air, causes the i combustion to tend" to be concentrated to-.

- ward one end of, rather than distributed through, the elongated combustioirfiue, although a flue of the samedimensions might be fired with preheated producer gas and preheated air and give thoroughlyefiicient distribution of heating andavoidance of localized overheating.

1 Joke-oven gasis' of but medium calorific 1 value as compared, on the one hand, with the low calor fic value of producer gas, and, on

, hydrogen content.

the other hand, with the high calorific value of such gases as natural gas. But coke-oven gas has aivery high velocity of combustion as compared with either producer gas or natural gas. The large proportion of inert CtlllStltllGIlilS in producer gas render it relatively slowly combustible. And the large proportion of methane in natural gas,

air is only about .27 meter per second, an

eight-fold difference. The calorific value of methane is over 8000 calories, and the calorific value of natural gas ranges toward 8000 calories.

A fairly typical col e oven gas, having a calorific value of about 4000 calories, is constituted as follows:

(K) l. 1% 11 V i andthe proportion of inert constituents is very small. The air requirement of such a gas is about cbm., giving 5.55 cbm.

burned gas. A'fairly typical producer gas,

having a calorific value of under 000 calories, 1s constltutedas follows:

(Jo 20.0 ()0, 12.7 H, 3.0 o N, 58.0%

The proportion of hydrogen is very small, the coml'iustible Hmstituent is almost entirely carbon monoxid and the proportion of inert constituents isvery large. The air requirement'of such a gas is about .77 cbm., giving 1.77 chm. burned gas. To secure the requisite temperature, the producer gas 'needs to be preheated, and also the air for lts combustion. The cokc oven gas cannot be preheated,' but the air for its combustion s preheated regencratively to conserve the heat of thesystem, and such preheating of the air of combustion further accelerates the volocity of combustion. With cold air of ()n the other The proportion of hydrogen is very large,

ombustion thevelocity of combustion of g thellcoke-oven gas would be greatly less, but

there ouldi bea great loss of; waste heat as j a Tesulti ofg omitting. regeneration. If nat- 1.. gas iverezused, it couldnot he preheated ilicientlwf heavy deposits of soot would ult.froml:the breaking up ofthe hydrobonsgfl andl preheating the air of combusrould', give excessive temperature, and.

quently regenerative conservation of eatof the system could notbe eife'cted p ctically. Thus-in dealing with coke-oven gas as; a ,fi1el as for modern coke-oven constructions; 'it hecomes necessary to take 'account of tsj calorific value as much higher that; of producer gas, though. much hank thatfof natural gas, and: oft'the:

, stion that result from burning it, es y yfivithpreheatedair of combustion, as c6ml aredvvith-{the1 moderate tempera tures: and; far lower velocity of, combustion'yk'that resultiinburning preheated produce gas w preheatedflair, andcasycontraste also ,the excessive temperatures that would result fromhurning natural'gas with re flhe'ated ir although: the velocity ofcom u'sfftion ffnatural gas isfanlowenlx The proat brt ,ofburned gas resulting,gin the comtissues :of} coke-oven; gas, as? compared with thelqcombustion' of producer gas, also obvi bus ly .afi ectsthematter of providing efiec ave draft A conditions and regenera tive ;con-; i

vingvof htat. a t l As[aflfurtherillustration of the matter omanotlierpoint ofivievv,it may be noted h he; controllingof the combustion of negates; equivalenc'. with the comon} ofgproducer-gasorwb f st-furnace gas hose cokeaovens involves such proportion theladinixture of flue gas as shall re toward; substantial equivalency the ontained in the combustion mixture. m approximateindication of this aspect "thegmatter, such. a numerical example as he lffolloiving may be .noted:--lf chm. of blast a furnace gas, of a calorific value of about QOQCcaIorieS, requires about 9 ohm. airo nbustionx Thewoxygen contentof the Wedges enta is 9 i s eq 1 which mounts a, 1.189"

a fi s) 1 1: ohm." coke-oven gas,

resiaboutj t; chm. air for combusncflthe" xygen lconteut of this gas a1r-mix re is $1.5 times .21, (equaling ch amounts to(.945itimes .5 equaling) 17.2% 0 %of oxygen ina mixandair and stackgas,

ainmixture' 2-, 1' 'iied'by equala incense mperatuitesw and extreme velocity of dina l' fragmentary vievv equipped With an apparatus embodying my everybeing shown in 3-3 of Fig. 4. and the seri must be added;

tothe mixture. In the 9.46 chm. gas mixture there is; .945 chm. O and so 10% 0 Thus 5 chm. air and 4. ohm. staclegas must be mixed with 1 ohm. of such coke-oven gas to give an oxygen content, in the combustionmixture, substantially equivalent to the oxygen content in a combustion mixture of .9 ohm. air and 1 ohm. of the hefore mem .tioned blast-furnace gas. 001 course these proportions are subject to some variation under the varying conditions of actual practice, but the underlying principle is substan tially indicated by such an approximate numerical illustration. The main considerasuch coke-ovens Other ob ects and advantages of the 111- vention will appear as it is better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanyilig drawings illustrating a preferred mannor of" practising my invention.

. On, the drawings, Figure 1 is a longituofa coking plant nvention shown partially in vertical section and partially in side elevation; Fig. 2

iso transverse vertical view taken substantially onthe line 2-2 of Fi 1; Fig. 3 is a top planview of a portion ot a coking plant and said apparatus,

horizontal" section such section being taken substantially onthe line I es of combustion chambers being indicated diagrammatically as to position without showing the individual combustion chambers in each a transverse vertical sectional view through the plant on which are indicated the directionsof flow'of the air and gas; Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 isa horizontal section taken'substantially on the. line 6- 6 of Fig;

5; Fi 7 is an enlargedpartial side eleva- '115 FigsB and 9 are enlargeddetail views showi i 1 inggthe valve operatin fpo'sitionsithey alorific: valueyj of 1 aboutw3800 caltion 0 the coking ovens shown in'Fig,. 1-;

m Fig. ,8. Fig: 11 is an enlarged section mechanisms in the assume simultaneously on op- Fig. lO is a top series Fig. 4 is through onset the inlet valves to a re enerator1 of the plantg Fig. 12 is a view similar to Fig. 4 and showing the application of my iuvention to a plain or simple coke oven as contradistinguished from-a comhination coke and gas oven; andFigs. 13 14 and 15 are partial views taken similarly to Figs. *7, 6 and 5 through the oven shown in part in Flg. 12.

I v aperture 24.

For the purpose of illustrating my invention I have shown its application on the drawings to coking plants in-which are incorporated either coking ovens of the combination type or the plain type, the combination type providing for either preheating the fuel gas by passing it through the regenerators or admitting it without preheating directly to the combustion cham bers, and the plain type leading it directly to the combustion chambers without any provision for preheating.

The 2l1)1')ll(.tltl()ll of the invention to cok- 'ing plants provided with coking ovens of the combination type is shown in Figs. 1

to 11 inclusive, from which it will be noted that a plurality of coking chambers 21 alternate with series 22 of combustion chambers 23, said coking chambers having openings clear across the oven, as seen in Fig. 6, and

the combustion chambers being in series and each of small cross-section andinuch elongated vertically. In each combustion chamber three inlets are provided, two, 24, (those shown of square configuration in Fig.

being adapted both to admit air, or one to admit air and the other to admit fuel gas that has passed through the regenerator, as will be later described; and the'third inlet, 25, being adapted to admit, from a main 26, fuel gas which has notpassed through the. regenerator. These inlets all open vertically into the combustion chambers so that air and gas issuing from them will move vertically and in substantial parallelism. Two sets 27 of regeneratorsZ-l2 are provided in connection with the. coking plant and extendthroughout the length of the battery of .oveiis, one set beneath each transverse half.

These. regene'rators (Fig. 5) in the combination oven are laterally separated by a plurality of main-dividing walls 28 and partition 'alls 29, the partition walls serving to divide each space between the main division walls 28 to provide a pair of regenerators therebetween. A main division wall 28 is positioned beneath each combustion chainher and a partition wall 29 beneath each A passageway 31 com ,i iuiiicates with the regenerator 32 formed by. thesewallsand with the interior of the coking chamber.

combustion clian'ibei' and has outlet in an From Fig. 5 it will be seen that the two regeiiei'ators provided oii each side of each main wall 28 communicate with the combustion chambers 23 ii'nii'iediately above this wall so that if it, be desired to pass the fuel gas through regenerators this gas may be admitted to adjacent rcgenerators, separated by a partition wall 29, from a main 33, through suitable connections v (which will be later described more in detail) that lead into alternate pairs of regenerators, as for example those indicated at a, a, while air may be admitted to the remaining regenerators or those indicated by 6,7). Such an arrangement, it will be'read-' 'ily seen, permits the admission of air and fuel gas into each combustion chamber 23'.

.If the fuel gas is to-be introduced into the combustion chambers 28 without being preheated by the regenerators, it is conducted through the pipe or main 26 which conn'ects at proper intervals with a cross-pipe or main 36 extending' beneath each set or series of combustion chambers and from which suitable connections lead to the apertures or inlets 25. The two sets of regenerators 27 are alternately operable, one heating the air, or the air and fuel gas, while the other is becoming heated by the hot burnt gases from the combustionchambers. Each series of combustion chambers-is open at 37 throughout its length above thetops of the walls 38 which sepa ate the individual combustion chambers 23, as shown in Fi 4. The burnt gas resulting from combustionin the combustion chambers 23, which are located above the regenerators preheating the air or the fuel gas, flows from these chambers and passes over and down through the remaining chambers or the chambers communicating with the other regenerators (Fig. 4) through which th drawn into a .flue 39 communicating with the stack 41, as will be later described. The i-egene atom 32 communicate with the .flue 39 through a connection 42 shown on an enlarged scale in Figs. 10 and 11. I This connection comprises a valve chamber 43 leading at one end H to a passageway 45 communicating with the fiue 39 and at the other end 46 with the entrance 47 of' the regeiierator 32. The passageway 45 is adapted to be closed by a mushroom valve l8 co-acting with a suitable seat 49 and operable by a mechanism which will be later described and which causes all of the pasare si-n'iultaneously opened by the valves 48 and the passageways 45 leading to the other flue 39 to be simultaneously closed. The air is admitted to each regene 'ator through an opening 51, adapted to be closed by' a valve 52 and provided to communicate with each connection 42, the valve 52 and-the valve 48 of each connection being actuated by a common control to be'now described.

.\ cable 53 extends along each side of the plant; adjacent the tops of the con'nee tions 42 and iipoii this cable are secured suitable stops or clamps bl appropriately spaced to move past the connection when the cable is operated. The valve operating mechanisms are substantially duplicates of intense therefore, will be Fi'gsa8, 9 and etop of eachcontheir ;.upper ends a 56.;Upbnone end lyv fixed an arm 57 "d 58'; .Thecable furcated end and a "pulley 59 carried d only one, W0 arms dly om h each otheran qflde sr destee nection142 and carry, in 1 l ima ynlfdt b e Shaft of the: fshaft is normal g;bifurcate}d at its lower extends through thisfbi is: held position, by

l e endofthe a-r theflshaftbd isfa forwardl ,61, to thefree end 01'? Wh le lonnectionr 62 is ptedtoliftltliemushro l Qtheiflshaft ;561,is moved f shown in ,Figyfi to that a 1 Swinging of thearm 57 ,a dflcld th i l e, 1 ed onmthetop of at Mend a f,5;2fand connected t y, or cock 7e having an operating arm. 4:, 8 and 9.

l l so that all of secured, which is 0111 valve 48 when rom the position shown in Fig. 8. illtherefore open A bell crank 63 the connection 42 arm extending over the hereto by a pivot pivotally connected at 67 and extends through 11169, which is fast on the itharm 57. Suitare provided upon at swinging of the ell crank 63 about nd close the valve clamps "are so arthat they will 1r left viewing e ma t? tothe left and lves14=8 and lower the valves 52' e cable is -movedfin one direction nga'gethearmslto their right view-' efigurej when the cable is moved in to close the main air valves 52. gas is used it is passed pairs of regenerators a, a, enters each regenerator a tion. 42, a pipe connection ing from an appropriate provided for, this purpose, an opening into 'the air int51 of the connection42. A valve72- is rovided :in each pipe? 1 and all of these H alves 72 aregconnected by other arms 72 Wivith thecable 53 to enab ated I simultaneously Witl of: the iconnections 42 conn f' cent regenerators J), i 5. The a or the 'valves 5210f the reg i ,which, receive the gas, are these valves remain-closed an bvthe valve operating mecha ver, gasis not passed through atorsthe-Inain j33is cut off either ves72 which may be dissociated alvel operating mechanism and or by disconnecting the [pipes 71 their openendsby suitable 010- t' shown). Gas :is then admitted ambers from the mains lt'o the bell crank 1 fa slot'gin the ar shaft 56 in par able, nuts or steps 68 ytlld end; of this rod .so it i fl57 will move theb pivot-fitand open a U N52,] Thef stops or d ranged {upon the cab age "the arms tolthe slow rate at which gas the stack draft is .able to move the lift the w; "it is desired to use a gas ity prevents the burnin thelopposite direction 1 valvesl8 and open the When lean through alternate Fig-.56] The-gas through 1 a connec 7 E ena lad main 33", being hisyp'ipe havin lethem' to be operthe air valves 52 ed to the adjapivotpins nerators a, a, removed and d uninflu'enced nisrn' described.

When, howe ar ota W the .wmbi ean h valves 52 of the connections 42 leading to the regenerators a, a being connected to the valve operatlng mechanism for thepurpose. In each connection 73 s a suitable valve The arms 75 are each connected with a cable 7 6- at each side ofthe plant A similar connection is provided between the valves 72 and the cable 53, WhlOh COIIIIGCtlOH has already a tween thesechambers and the coking chambers, when the gas and air aredrawnthrough the plant by the draft of the stack, for because of the great proportion of inert" constituents in such gas andconsequently the of this character burns V the valves 74 at each side will open and close together.

burninggas substantially tothe top of the A combustion chambers before combustion is complete, producing thereby a flame extending to the top or substantially to the top of each combustion chamber.

such as coke-oven gas,

of the gas under ordinary condltlons above the lower port on of the combustion chambers ccmcentratin 3 b l Vhen, however, richin hydrogen, its rapid combustibil- 1 greatly the heat at this portion While the upper parts remain relatively cool. Of late years there has been a marked tendency in the art to which my invention. pertains to extend materially the height of the combustion chambers, and also dueto numerous changes in the industry, to, obtain from the coking ovens a gas for fuel in the combos tion chambers of increasedhydrogen content, both the increase in height of the coin bustion chambers and the increase of hydrogen content having rendered more diiii cult the proper distribution of the heat in The coke-oven the combustion chambers.

gas cannot effectively be forced into the combustion chambers under pressure to produce the long flames which would .evenl heat their side Walls because of the relatively low specific gravity ofthe gas' The air of combustion being much heavier may be, and in accordance with myinvention preferably 'is, forced through the air inlets at high velocity, the velocity. of the air being regulated in accordance with the rate of combustion of the fuel gas and so that the rapidly conr bustible gas reaches the top or substantially to the top of the combustion chambersbe connections V fore comb'ustion'is completed and an elonap'orts must be restricted, and if they be retlon, the friction of its passage up through duced sufficiently to impart a velocity to the air which will carry it with the burning gas? rich in hydrogen clear to'the top of the combustion chambers during combus the one set of restricted ports into the combustion chambers 23 in' which combustion is taking place and thence downwardly] through similar restricted-ports in .the other chambers 23' through which the burnt gas passes to the set of regenerators 27 being heated, requires a substantial loss of power in driving the air, necessitating in large plants either a tremendous ally high capacity.-

A further disadvantage thatappeai's to be present where veltfiity of the air alone is relied upon to extend the combustion to near the tops of the combustion chambers is the lossof heat through the too rapid outtion into the air of combustion,

flow from the regenerators that are being heated. In accordance with my invention itis contemplated that the oxygen content of the air, which has'a determining effect upon the .rate of combustion shall be lowered, and this I. accomplish by the introduclivery to the regenerators, of a gas poor in or free from oxygen, flue gas preferably being employed because of its ready' availability in plants of this character. The mixture tlius' formed may be forced-into the "combustion chambers under pressure or it may merely be i troduced in the ordinary manner. The flue gas is mixed with the air leads to the stack 41,

the union.

and the mixture, instead of naturalair alonebeing introduced into the regenerators throughthe valves 52, is conveyed to the 42 through the stack flue 39, communicatingwith the regenerators preheating the air. as shown by the arrows at the, right of Fig. 4. For this purpose the two flues 39 are connected at one end by a union 81 from which a flue or passage 82 dampers 83 and .84: being provided to cut off either flue 39 from The air is delivered into the flues 39 by a pipe 80 having a branch 85 leading to each flue 39 and communicating with its end at 86. Dampers 87 and 88 I are provided to cooperate with the dampers 83 and 84 to establish communication between one flue 39' and the flue 82 and the other flue 39 and air pipe 80, and to alternately reverse the arrangement by shifting the communication between the flues 39 and The flue gas is taken from stack pull or the. utilization of afan or blower of exceptionbefore de being used for preheating the mixture.

flues 39 instead of through the valves 52,

the valves 52are all-retained in closed position. on both sides of the plant and the valve operating.inechanisins.

the passage, 82

and mixed with the air near the outer end of the air pipe 80, as seen in Figs. 1 and 3. A. pipe 93 leads into the stack .flue' 82 and is provided with a fan or blower 94 for draw? the stack flue. This fan 95 with the pipe and the pipe 8Q receives air from a fan or blower 96. Two fans or blowers are thus provided, one for the flu'e gas and the other connects by a pipe 97 is provided and a similar dampery98 is provided at the air fan 96. This ari'angement permits the formation of apredetermined mixture of air and flue-gas which may be readily varied in proportion by con" trolling-the rate of rotation of the fans and" by adjustment ofthe dampers 97 and 98. Dampers 99 are also provided in each con-. nection 42 and these dampers are operable. by nidvement of the cable 53-to vary their position in accordance with the regenerators air and gas be entering through a connection 42, a substantially unrestricted openin is desirable through the connection. I however, flue gas be issuing through .a connection to the stack flue, this opening shouldbe stopped down somewhat, as seen in Fig.

8, in order thatthe flue gas may not-be, drawn too rapidly through the regenerators being heated. Movement of this damper is accomplished by an arm 10l'disposed without the connection andifixed upon the pivotal axis of the damper. The end of the arm is loosely connected by a chain or other flexible medium 102 with an end of a'weighted arm 103 pivotal ly carried one stop or clamp 54, movement of the cable and the clampsli l carried thereby swinging'the dampers from side to side as the direction of flow of gas through the plant is reversed. Suitable and adjustable stops 104v are provided to protrude across the path of. movement of the arm 101 on 'each s ide to limit" and determine the two positions of the damper. These stops may be fastened ata the bearings in the arms 55 and the means which fixedly secure the arms 57 80 or stops 54 without affecting the arrangement of the valves or other parts of the fygointinslots 105gprovided'in bar 106 nwhm is secured. on eschconncction. Their remepositions of the damperrun'der the so 15 @1011: of the weightedmm 103. v

1 ;F1g$.-l2t0*l5 inclusive show the applicationof myinventionto a coking plant pro fviding, only for the use ofgas Which'is not t oibe preheated by the regenerators. -This tlie praotice ofthe invention. It difimv everyfrom the plantolreadydo cri'bed in the following particulars: No partitions are provided between the main valls llloftlie setsof rogenemtors and two nlets only are provided ineacb combustion {chamber 112, one 1.13 for thenirfrom the v-singlei-regenerator 114; between the walls 111, goljfand nnother"115 'for'the fuellga s from the pbranoh mains 116, both of these inlets being i vertically disposed adjacent athe combustion ol ornber so'that theair or mixture-and the f uel 'gas will enter the combustion chamber 5 currents brnveling vertically and. in sublstantially,parallel paths. Fuel gas is delivered through the mains 117 communicat- 'ng won eooh nain 116 through suitable con- U lnefcigions 118 provided withvalves 119bsv- Q30; ingoperatingnrnis 121 engaging at their ends owcsble122 likethecoble 76. The-sir {124mb normally operated. by the valve 1 mechanism described no connect on with the @ookmg plant uslng combinat on ovens and valves 12 i are heldtinpibe position of the =shown beceusoib is identically inst-of the mechanism alreaoly described. In other respects theme plnnts g sre substantially 631- ion. is not thought oo be necessary. .i In each mstanceme an mixture may be drawn through every regenerotor and chom- F Reneewitlrmyiinvention, tbefnelgas mains l i i is ucer gas-"through the regenersizors being curses one all the mushroom volves il of communication between the connections and theflues 39; v

percentage of oxygen content in the air,

11 musfitake place at eslowerrate as "theJcofnbustiMe particles of gas cannot so readily select and combine Withtbe particles or molecules of oxygen. Theinoreased vebarticleswhiie they ore selecting and commvepoo" movement permits adjustment of "the eX- of {plant however, requires no olteraldl ijl ll iil lfi vslveapparatus alresdyolesoribed valves-12 3 and tbe insin mushroom. valves.

mhesir valves 123 and the main mushroom valves 52 and] 48 in pursuance of my invenv Iiion in "the manner already described, ihe) "mmoohenism forecoomphsbing thlsnot being "liooiies of son otbef and fnrtberdesoripberi whenthe! plant isfoperabing in acoorclo providedwfor the introdiiction of pro l the {connections 42 being open to establish in Itwill be eppo'renb tbsbnoon reducing the combustion'witbthe rich, ropicllycombus tible gas (introdococlfihrough tboinleis evenly over the nprigliii iiv slls of the combustlon chambers. and inconsequence pro-.

ducing on eveng'rede of coke. The time required in, coking is materially reduced by reason of the fact that no portionof the coking chambers receives a greater amount of heat than 1?, can llllillZE safely. The byproducts are derived, Where my invention is employcd, undamaged, by reason of this even distribution of heat and its ready control; n i

It will be apparent that the rate of oombastion can positively and accurately be governed through the various clamners and through the control of the fans to meet the requirements of zhe particnisr cool being eoked; for, as is well known to those skilled in the art cooking cool varies greatly in its compositionand in the treatment needed to produce the best results, both as regards the production of the coke itself and the {no clucbion of the byproducts, Ii; will be zip-m parent also that my invention permi'fis the j attainment of a substal'iiieily relatively even" high hosting eflioionoy, hether gas of low hydrogencontent or gas of high hydrogenoontent be employed, wi'fibous shoring the internal arrangement or. the plant. olfing plants clesignevlior the use of? prodnco'ron other gas of low hydrogen consent becauseof the slovvburning noture of gases of ibis sort must have relatively large port openings and must be given dimensions which i will permit this gas iao burn at best efiicien'cy. These dimensions and the area of the ports are ordinarily toc srgs forthe mosi, efiicient' utilisation of coke-oven or other gas rich in hydrogen. The practice of my invention, however. permits the coke.

oven or other gas of high hydrogen oonteni;

to be used with high eificiencv in coking plants constructed nriznaril v for best eilicieney when operating with producer or other gas poor in hydrogen. manifest also that tbe processos "well as it Will be the means provioled to carry it into etifisct s15 may be varied and applied "50 other uses sham that described withont vloperimg from the splnt' and scope'of the nvention or sacriflcing any of its advantoges. the apnamtus and application andtbe particular steps being; merely used for the purposesoi 111113 tration.

. I claim: v

7-1. Theprocess for controlling pombustion in coking-ovens which consists in penchanting the combustion alternatively with cokeovengas or wiih regenerstively preheated producer-gas, and in each instsnce with, an: preheated regenerotivelv, and in toe former diluent PIOPOPfiOZlBd so to reduce the oxygen-concentration as to effect such elongation of the flame that its heatingefi'ect will be distributed with a} uni-- ,formity substantially equivalent'to that of the said alternatively employed producergas; substantially as specified,

2,, The process for controlling combustion iii coking-ovens which consists in conducting the combustion alternatively -with a coke-oven gas or with regeneratively preheated producer-gas, and in each instance with air. preheated regeneratively,j and in theformer instance with a neutral gaseous diluent proportioned so to reduce the oxygen-concentration as to effect SUCh'BIOII- 1 gation of the flame that its heating effect will be distributed with a uniformity substantially equivalent to that of the said oxygeirconcentration as to effect such elon-' alternatively employed producer-gas; substantially .as specified.

The process for controlling. combustion in coking-ovens which consists in conducting the combustion alternatively with cokeoven gas or with producer-gas, and in each instance \Yltll' preheated a1r and in the former instance with a neutral gaseousdiluent proportioned so to reduce the gation of the flame that its heating effect will be distrilmtedrwith a uniformity substantially equivalent to that of the saidalternativelyemployed producer-gas; substantially as specified.

' 4. The process for controlling combustion in coking-ovens which consists in conducting the combustion alternatively with a fuel-gas of high hydrogen content or with a regeneratively preheated fuel-gas of low hydrogen content and-low calorific value, and in each instance with air preheated regeneratively, and in the former instance with a- .neutral gaseous diluent proportioned so to -reduce'the oxygen-concentration as to effect such elongation of the flame that its heating effect will be distributed with a uniformity substantially equivalent to that of the, other of said alternatively employed fuel-gases; substantially as specified.

5. The process for controlling eombustion "in coking-ovens which consists'in conducting the combustion alternatively with a fuelgas of high hydrogen content or with a fuelgas of low hydrogen content and low calo- Vrific value, and. in each instance with preheated air, andin the former instance with a neutral gaseous diluent proportioned so to reduce the oxygen-concentration as to effect such elongation of the flame that its heating effect will be distributed with a uniformity substantially equivalent to that of the other of said alternatively employedfuel-gases; substantially as specified.

6. The process for controlling combustion in cokin -ovens which consists in conducting the com nation of coke-oven gas with air portioned to effect an elongation of the combustion equivalent to that obtainable in firing with preheated tially as specified,

7. The process for. controlling combustion in coking-ovens which consists in conducting the combustion of coke-oven gas with air preheated regeneratively .to conserve the heat of the system and with a neutral gaseous diluent so to reduce the oxygen-concentration as to effect extreme elongation of the flame and uniformity of distribution of its heat,-and with a draft proportioned effectively to permit the said regenerative conservation of the heat of the products of' combustion; said coke-oven gas and air and diluent being proportioned to effect an elongationof the combustion equivalent to that producer-gas I substanobtainable in firing with preheated producer-gas; substantially as specified.

8. The process for controlling combustion in coking-ovens which consists in conducting the combustion of a fuel-gas of high hydrogen content with air preheated regenerativcly to conserve the heat of the system" and with a neutral gaseous diluent so to reduce the oxygen-concentration as to effect extreme elongation of the flame and uniformity of distribution of its heat, and with a draft proportioned effectively to permit the said regenerative conservation of the heat of the products of combustion; said fuel-gas and air and diluent being proportloned to effect an elongation of the combustion equivalent to that obtainable in firing with a fuel-gas of low hydrogen content and low calorific value; substantially as 9. The process for controlling combustion -in coking-ovens which consists in conducting the combustion alternatively with cokeoven gas or with regeneratively preheated producer-gas, and in each instance with air preheated regeneratlvelv. and-1n the former instance with a flue-gas diluent proportioned, to reduce the oxygen-concentration to substantial equivalence with that required in the said alternatively employed combustion of producer-gas; substantially as specified.

10. The ,process for controlling combustion in coking-ovens which'consists in conducting the combustion alternatively with a coke-oven gas or with regeneratively pre-. heated producer-gas, and in each instance with air preheated regeneratively, and in the former instance with a neutral gaseous diluglad I Z L-13.The

ent proportioned to reduce the oxygen-conjp ce'ntration w substantial equivalence with yl'tha't required inthe-said alternatively em- I 3 ployed-combustion of producer-gas substans tia y asspec fi 11;The process for controlling combusducting'the combustion alternatively with takeover! gas or with producer-gas, and in each instance with preheated air and in the former instance with a neutral gaseous diluent proportioned to reduce the oxygen con I, y-centration to substantial equivalence with that required in the said alternatively employed combustion of tially as specified.

12. The process for controllingcombustion in coking-ovens which consists in conducting the combustion alternatively with a fuel-gas of high hydrogen content or with a regeneratively preheated fuel-gas vof low hydrogencontent and lOW calorific value, and in each instanete with air'prehcated regeneratively, and in the former instance with a neutral gaseous diluent proportioned to reduce the oxygen-concentration to subfistantial vequivalence with that "required in the combustion of the-, )ther of saidalters i-llrnatively employed fuel-gases";

producer-gas; substan- 1 tion in coking-ovens which consists inconfuel -gas of low hydrogen content "andlow calorific value, and in each instance with preheated air, and in the former instance with a neutral gaseous diluent proportioned to reduce the oxygen-concentration to sub- 40 sstantial equivalence with that required in the combustion of the other of said alternatively fied 1 14. The process for controlling combustion in coking-ovens which consists in conducting' the combustion of coke-oven gas 'with air preheated; regeneratively to conserve the heat of the system and with a flue gas diluent to effect extreme elongation of the flame and uniformity. of distribution of its heat, and with a draft proportioned efleeservation of theheatofthe products of combustion; said coke-oven gas and air and diluent being proportioned to reduce the oxygen concentration to substantial equivalence with that required in firing with preheated producer-gas; substantially as specified.

'15. The process for controlling combustion in coking-ovens which consists in conducting the combustion of coke-oven gas with air preheated regeneratively to conserve the heat of the system and with a neutral gaseous diluent to effect extreme elongation of the flameand uniformity of distributioninflcoking-ov'ens which consists in con- 1 preheated process for controlling c'o mbus employed'fuel-gases; substantially as speciy i to,perlnitwthe said regenerative con- I tion of its heat, and with a draft propor-; tioned effectively to permit the said regenerative conservation of the heat of the products of combustionysaid coke-oven gas and air and diluent being proportioned to reduce the oxygen concentration to' substantial equivalence with that required in firing with producer-gas; substantially as specified.

16. The process for controlling combustion in coking-ovens which consists in conducting the combustion of a fuel-gas of high hydrogen content with air preheated regen eratively to conserve the heat of the system and with a neutral gaseous diluent to effect extreme elongation of the flame and uniformity of distribution of its heat, and with a draftproportioned efi'ectively to permit the said regenerative conservation of the heat of the products of combustion; said fuel-gas and air and diluent being proportioned to reduce the oxygen-concentration to substantial equivalence with that required in firing with a fuel-gas 'of low hydrogen content and low calorific value; substantially as specified.

17 ."The tion in coking-ovens which consists in con-- ducting the combustion, alternatively with ,cokeoven gas'or with regeneratively pre- -heatedproducer-gas, and in each instance with air preheated regeneratively, and in the former instance with initial forcing of the draftof. said air and with a flue-gas diluent proportioned so to reduce the oxygenconcentration as to effect such elongationof the flame that its heating eflect will be distributed with a uniformity substantially equivalent to that of the said alternatively employed producer-gas; substantially as specified. 18. The process for controlling combustlon in coking-ovens which consists in conducting the combustion alternatively with a coke-oven gas or. with regeneratively preheated producer-gas, and in each instance with air preheated regeneratively, and in the former instance with initial forcing of the draft of said air gaseous diluent proportioned so to reduce the oxygen-concentration as to effectsuch process for controlling combusv an with a neutral elonga tionof theflam'e that itsheating cifect .19.The process for controlling combustionin coking-ovens which consists in con-- ducting the combustion alternatively with coke-oven gas or with produ ':er-gas, and in each instance with preheated air and inthe former instance'with initialforcing of the draft of said air and with a neutral gaseous diluent proportioned so to reduce the oxy- V genconcentration as to efiiect such elonga- I tion of the flame that its heating effect will be distributed with a uniformity substantially equivalent to thatof the said alternatively employed tiall y as specified.

20. The process for-controlling combustion in coking-ovens which consists in conducting the combustion alternatively with a fuel-gas of high hydrogen content or witha regeneratively preheated fuel-gas of low hydrogen content and low calorific value,-and in each instance with air preheated regeneratively, and in the former instance with initial forcing of the draft of said air and with a'neutralgaseous diluent proportioned so to reducethe oxygen-concentration as to effect such elongation of the flame that its i heating effect will be distributed with a uniformity substantially equivalent to that of the U other of said alternatively employed fuel-gases; substantially as specified.

21.The. process for controlling combustion in coking-ovens which: consists in conducting the combustion alternatively Witha fuel-gas of high hydrogen content or with a fuel-gas of low hydrogen content and low c alorific value, and in each instance with preheated air, and 1n the former lnstance with initial forcing of the draft of said air and with a neutral gaseous diluent proportioned so to reducethe oxygen-concentration as to effect such elongation of the flame that its heating effect Will be distributed with a uniformity substantially equivalent to that of the other of saidalternatively employed fuel-gases;substantially as specified.

22. The-prccessfdr controlling combus- "Htion incoking-ovens which consists in conducting the combustion of coke-oven gas with air preheated regeneratively to conserve the heat f-of the system andwith a flue-gas diluent lto eliect extreme elongation of the flame and uniformity of distribution of its heat, and with a stack-draft and initial. forcing of the air-draft proportioned. --to :further said elongation of the flame and als qneffectively to permit the said regenera- -tiv e-conservation of the heat of theprodnets. of combustion; said cokefoven' gas and air and diluent being proportioned to effect an elongation of the combustion equivalent to that obtainable in firing with preheated producer-gas; substantially as specified.

- '23. The process for controlling combustion in coking-ovens which consists in conducting the combustion of coke-oven gas with air preheated regeneratively to conserve the heat of the system and with'a neutral gaseous diluent to effect extreme producer-gas; -substan-.

elongation of the flame and uniformity of distribution of its heat, and With a stackdraft and initial forcing of the air-draft proportioned to further said elongation of the flame and also effectively to permit the said regenerative conservation of the heat of the products of combustion; said coke-oven gas and air'anddiluent being proportioned to effect an elongation of the combustion a system and' with a neutral gaseous diluent to effect extreme elongation of the flame and uniformity of distribution of its heat, and with astack-draft and initial forcing of the air-draft proportionedto further said elongation of the flame and also effectively to permit the saidregenerativeconservation of the heat of the products of combustion; said fuel-gas and air and diluent being proportioned to effect an elongation of the combustion equivalent to that obtainable in firing with a fuel-gas of low hydrogen content and low calorific value; substantially as specified.

25. In a process for controlling combustion in coking-ovens, the conducting of the combustion with their own gas of distillation and air and such a proportionate admixture of a neutral gaseous diluent as to 1 produce heating conditions and efiects substantially equivalent to those obtainable in firing such ovens with an extraneously derived gas such as producer-gas; substantially as specified.

In a process for controlling combus; tion in coking-ovens, the conducting of the combustion alternatively with their own gas of distillation or with an eXtraneously derived fuel-gas such as producer-gas, and in each instance With air of combustion, and in .the former instance With such a proportion ate admixture of a neutral gaseous diluent as to produce heating. conditions and effects substantially equivalent to those obtained in the firing with the other, alternatively employed fuel-gas; substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HEINRICH KOPPERS. Witnesses:

HENRY Lovn CLARKE, JOSEPH I BECKER. 

